随着天气的变化，抵抗力较弱的孩子较容易生病，尤其容易因为病毒交叉感染而生病。在这里提醒家长们，一定要谨而慎之地对待各项卫生保健工作，以确保孩子的健康。

        As the weather changes, children who are less resistant are easier to be infected, especially cross-infection. Parents are reminded to take care of children's health.

        下面为您梳理了5种常见传染病防控小常识，望家长认真参看并积极实施。对于疾病的来袭，做到从容处理。

        Here is common sense of prevention and control of five kinds of common infectious diseases. We hope you parents should take it seriously and actively implement it. To deal with the impact of these diseases, we don't have to panic.

水痘 

Varicella 

        水痘是极其常见的急性传染病，具有很强的传染性，一次发病可终身获得较高的免疫。

        Varicella is an extremely common acute infectious disease, which is highly contagious but it can be immunized for life.

1 传播途径 Transmission  way

        水痘主要是通过呼吸道飞沫和直接接触传播，也可以通过接触患者疱疹浆液或被污染的用具而感染。

        Varicella can be transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets and direct contact, as well as through contact with herpes serous or contaminated appliances.

2 临床表现  Clinical  manifestation

        患儿可出现发热、头痛、全身不适、食欲下降等症状，发病24小时内出现皮疹，皮损呈现由细小的红色斑丘疹→疱疹→结痂→脱痂的演变过程。

        Children might have fever, headache, general discomfort, loss of appetite and other symptoms, rash within 24 hours of onset, skin lesions show the evolution process of scab and eschar removal from small red papular herpes.

         皮疹先发于头皮、躯干受压部分，呈向心性分布，即躯干部最多，头面部次之，四肢较少，手掌、足底更少。黏膜亦常受侵，见于口腔、咽部、眼结膜、外阴、肛门等处。

        The rash originated in the scalp and the compression part of the body, showing a concentric distribution, that is the body cadres were the most, the head and face were the second, the limbs were less, the palms and soles were less. Mucous membrane is also often invaded, in the mouth, pharynx, conjunctiva, vulva, anus and so on.

         在为期1～6日的出疹期内皮疹相继分批出现，脱痂后不留瘢痕。

The rash appeared in batches during the period of 1 to 6 days, and no scar was left after eschar removal.

        水疱期痛痒明显，若因挠抓继发感染时可留下轻度凹痕。

        Vesicular pain itching is obvious, if scratched and scratched secondary infection can leave a slight dent.

        水痘通常比较温和，不会引起严重的并发症，但个别患儿在病程后期可并发脑炎。

        The varicella is usually mild and does not cause severe complications, but some children may develop encephalitis. 

流行性腮腺炎

Angina parotidea

        流行性腮腺炎简称流腮，是由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，感染后可获持久免疫力，二次发病者少。

        Mumps referred to as gills, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by mumps virus.

1 传播途径 Transmission  way

       主要通过飞沬传播，少数通过用具传染。病毒由呼吸道侵入人体，引起腮腺或颌下腺肿胀。

        It is mainly spread through droplets, and a few are transmitted through utensils. The virus invades the human body from the respiratory tract, causing swelling of the parotid or submandibular gland.

2 临床表现 Clinical  manifestation

        大多数患儿起病较急，无前驱症状。有发热、畏寒、头痛、咽痛、食欲不佳、恶心、呕吐全身不适等症状。数小时腮腺肿痛，逐渐明显，体温可达39℃以上。

        Most children have urgent onset and no prodromal symptoms. There are fever, cold fear, headache, sore throat, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Several hours parotitis swelling and pain, gradually obvious, body temperature can reach more than 39 ℃.

        腮腺肿痛最具特征性，一般以耳垂为中心，向前、后、下发展，边缘不清。局部皮肤发亮但不发红，触之坚韧有弹性，轻微触痛，张口、咀嚼（尤其进酸性饮食）时疼痛加剧。

        Parotitis swelling and pain is the most characteristic, usually with earlobe as the center, forward, backward, lower development, the edge is not clear. The local skin is bright but not red, tough and elastic, slightly tenderness, mouth opening, chewing (especially on an acidic diet).

        通常一侧腮腺肿胀后1～4天累及对侧，腮腺肿胀3～5天到达高峰，7～10天逐渐消退，颌下腺或舌下腺也可被累及。

        Usually, one side of parotid gland swelling reached the peak at 3 to 5 days after swelling, and gradually disappeared at 7 to 10 days after swelling of one side of parotid gland, and the submandibular gland or sublingual gland could also be involved.

流行性感冒

Flu

        流行性感冒简称流感，是常见的急性呼吸道传染病，具有很强的传染性。

Influenza referred to as flu, is a common acute respiratory infectious disease, with a strong infectious.

        1 传播途径 Transmission  way

        传播途径以空气飞沫为主，也可通过被病毒污染的物品间接传播，患儿发病后1~7天均具有传染性，病初2~3天传染性最强。

        The transmission route was mainly air droplets, and it could also be transmitted indirectly by articles contaminated by the virus. The children were contagious on the 1st day after the onset of the disease, and the most contagious on the 2nd and 3rd day after the onset of the disease.

2 临床表现  Clinical  manifestation

        一般表现为急性发病，有高热，体温可达39~40℃，伴畏寒，一般持续2~3天。全身中毒症状重，如乏力、头痛、头晕、全身酸痛。常有咽痛，而咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕等呼吸道症状轻。少数有恶心、呕吐、食欲不振、腹泻、腹痛等表现。流感的临床症状往往不典型，可出现高热惊厥。在孩子中，流感病毒引起的喉炎、气管炎、支气管炎、毛细支气管炎、肺炎及胃肠道症状较成人常见。

        The general manifestation is acute onset, high fever, body temperature can reach 39 ℃ 40 ℃, accompanied by cold, generally lasts 2 times 3 days. Symptoms of systemic poisoning are serious, such as fatigue, headache, dizziness, soreness of the whole body. Often have sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and other respiratory symptoms are mild. A few have nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain and so on. The clinical symptoms of influenza are often atypical and can lead to febrile convulsion. Symptoms of laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and gastrointestinal tract caused by influenza virus are more common in children than in adults.

手足口病

        hand-foot-and-mouth disease

        手足口病是由多种肠道病毒引起的一种常见传染病。

        Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a variety of enterovirus.

1 传播途径 Transmission  way

        主要经消化道、呼吸道飞沫传播，或接触病人皮肤、粘膜疱疹液而感染。

        Mainly through digestive tract, respiratory droplets, or contact with the patient's skin, mucous membrane herpetic fluid and infection.

2 临床表现  Clinical  manifestation

        多数患儿表现为急性起病，发热，可伴有咳嗽、流涕、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐，口痛、口腔黏膜出现散在疱疹或溃疡，疼痛明显。手、足、臀部出现斑丘疹，后转为疱疹（疹子周围可发红）。

         Most of the children showed acute onset, fever, cough, runny nose, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomachache, scattered herpes or ulcer in oral mucosa, obvious pain. Hands, feet, buttocks have papules, and then turn to herpes (redness around the rash).

        皮疹数少则几个多则几十个，不痛、不痒、不结痂、消退后不留痕迹。

        The number of rashes is small, a few more than dozens, no pain, no itching, no scab, no trace after regression.

        部分患儿可伴有咳嗽、流涕、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐和头疼等症状，多在一周内痊愈，预后良好。

        Some children can be accompanied by cough, runny nose, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and headache.

疱疹性咽峡炎

 Herpangina disease

        疱疹性咽颊炎是一种急性传染性,发热性疾病，常见于婴幼儿，多发于夏秋季，由许多A组柯萨奇病毒（偶尔也有其他肠道病毒）所引起的。

        Herpangina disease is an acute, contagious, febrile disease that is common in infants and children and occurs most often in the summer and fall. It is caused by the group A coxsackie virus (and occasionally other enteroviruses)

症状及传播途径 Transmission  way

        疱疹性咽颊炎多以突发高热开始，24-48小时可达高峰，升至39-41℃，伴头痛、咽部不适、肌痛等，婴幼儿常有呕吐、拒食，甚至发生高热惊厥；年长儿童及成人常见严重的咽痛、吞咽困难、四肢肌痛、厌食乏力等。咽部出现灰色小丘疹后，24小时内发展为水疱和溃疡，其周围绕以1-5mm的红晕为特征性的病变。皮损常见于扁桃体前柱、软腭区缘和腭垂。经1-5天溃疡愈合，一般3天内退热，症状消失。

Symptoms:

• Lethargy and malaise (generally not feeling well)

• Fever

• Loss of appetite

• Sore Throat

• The illness usually starts with a  small grey papule appearing in the throat which develops into blisters and ulcers within 24 hours, and is surrounded by swelling and redness. Skin lesions are common in the tonsils and roof othe mouth. After 1-5 days ulcers start to heal with symptoms generally subsiding within 3 days of fever.

        以上几种传染病如何预防？

        How to prevent the infectious diseases above?

• 接种疫苗 

          Vaccinate

        进行计划性人工自动免疫是预防各类传染病发生的主要环节，预防性疫苗是阻击传染病发生的最佳积极手段。

        Planned artificial automatic immunization is the main link to prevent all kinds of infectious diseases, and preventive vaccine is the best positive means to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.

• 注意个人卫生和防护

            Personal Hygiene and Protection

        要保持学习、生活场所的卫生，不要堆放垃圾。饭前便后、打喷嚏、咳嗽和清洁鼻子，外出归来一定要洗手，勤换、勤洗、勤晒衣服、被褥，不随地吐痰，保持教室、寝室内空气流通。

        Keep the place of study and living hygienic and don't pile up garbage. After lunch, sneeze, cough and clean nose and return from home must wash hands, change frequently, wash frequently, dry clothes, bedding, and don't spit anywhere. Keep the air flow in the classroom and dormitory.

• 加强锻炼，增强免疫力 

        Physically Exercise and Enhance Immunity

       积极参加体育锻炼。在锻炼的时候，必须注意气候变化，要合理安排运动量。

         physical exercise is one of the best way to prevent infection. When exercising, we must pay attention to climate change and arrange the amount of exercise reasonably.

• 生活有规律

          Regular Life

         睡眠休息要好，生活有规律，保持充分的睡眠，对提高自身的抵抗力相当重要。

         Sleep rest, regular life, maintain adequate sleep, to improve their resistance is very important.

• 衣食细节要注意

         Attention

       根据天气变化，适时增减衣服。合理安排好饮食。

        According to the change of weather, add and subtract clothes in due course. Arrange your diet reasonably.

• 切莫讳疾忌医

         Seek medical treatment in time

        在发现身体不适，或有类似反应时要尽快就医，早发现、早诊断、早隔离、早治疗，同时对患者的房间及时消毒。

         When your children found physical discomfort, or have similar reactions, you should see a doctor as soon as possible, early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, early treatment, and timely disinfection of the patient's room.

温馨提示

Notice

01

接送须知

 Instructions for pick-up and delivery

        请家长每天送孩子来园时，如果感觉孩子有不适，请提前通知班级老师关注，并进行晨检（测体温、看有无皮疹等），检查合格后方可进班。晨检的目的是及早发现传染病，严防交叉感染。因此，我们发现有异常，会请家长们带孩子去医院进一步确诊，如果不是传染病，方可入园。（此做法是为了每个孩子的健康考虑）

        When parents send their children to the garden every day, if they feel the child is unwell, please inform the class teacher in advance of their attention and conduct an morning check (temperature, rash, etc.) before entering the class after they have passed the test. The purpose of morning examination is to detect infectious diseases as soon as possible and strictly prevent cross-infection. Therefore, if we find something unusual, we will ask parents to take their children to the hospital for further diagnosis. If it is not an infectious disease, we can enter the garden. (which is also for the health of each child.)

02

返园要求  

return to the garden ‘s request

        患儿病愈后，确认无传染性，持医院开具的“痊愈证明”方可入园。

        After the child is cured, the "recovery certificate" issued by the hospital in needed when the children come back to the kindergarten.

       为了给孩子营造一个健康的成长环境，敬请家长们配合。

        All we do is try to create a healthy environment for our children. Thank you for your cooperation!